Uma kuziwa ekugayweni kabushaamaphaneli elanga, iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokuwahlukanisa nokusebenzisa kabusha izingxenye zawo.Izinqubo zokugaywa kabusha ezisebenzayo okwamanje azisebenzi kahle, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi ukutholwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo ziphezulu ngendlela engafanele.Kuleli phuzu lentengo, kuyaqondakala uma ungathanda ukuthenga iphaneli entsha ngokuphelele.Kodwa kunezisusa zokuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga—ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni yokukhiqiza, ukwehlisa izindleko, nokugcina imfucumfucu ye-e enobuthi ingangeni ezindaweni zokulahla.Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe belanga, ukucubungula okufanelekile kwephaneli yelanga kanye nokugaywa kabusha sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yemakethe yelanga.
Akhiwe ngani ama-solar panel?
Amaphaneli elanga asekelwe ku-siliconIngabe amaphaneli elanga angasetshenziswa kabusha?Impendulo incike ekutheni ama-solar panel akho enziwe ngani.Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele wazi okuthile ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-solar panel.I-silicon yi-semiconductor evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni amaseli elanga.Ibalwa ngaphezu kuka-95% wamamojula athengisiwe kuze kube manje futhi ingeyesibili ngobuningi bezinto ezitholakala Emhlabeni, ilandelwa umoya-mpilo.Amaseli e-silicon enziwe ngama-athomu e-silicon axhumene ku-crystal lattice.Le lathisi inikeza isakhiwo esihlelekile esivumela amandla okukhanya ukuthi aguqulwe abe amandla kagesi ngokuphumelelayo.Amaseli elanga enziwe nge-silicon anikeza inhlanganisela yezindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nempilo ende, njengoba amamojula kulindeleke ukuthi adlule iminyaka engu-25 noma ngaphezulu, akhiqize ngaphezu kwe-80% yamandla okuqala.Ifilimu Elincane Amaphaneli elanga Amaseli elanga azacile enziwa ngokufaka ungqimba oluncane lwempahla ye-PV ezintweni ezisekelayo njengepulasitiki, ingilazi noma insimbi.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zama-semiconductors e-photovoltaic yefilimu encane: i-copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) ne-cadmium telluride (CdTe).Zonke zingafakwa ngqo ngaphambili noma ngemuva kwendawo yemojuli.I-CdTe iyinto yesibili evamile kakhulu ye-photovoltaic ngemva kwe-silicon, futhi amaseli ayo angenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezingabizi kakhulu.Okubanjiweyo ukuthi awasebenzi kahle njenge-silicon yakudala.Ngokuqondene namaseli e-CIGS, anezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zezinto ze-PV ezisebenza kahle kakhulu elabhorethri, kodwa ubunzima bokuhlanganisa izakhi ze-4 kwenza ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-laboratory kuya esigabeni sokukhiqiza kube inselele kakhulu.Kokubili i-CdTe ne-CIGS zidinga ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kune-silicon ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Koze kube niniamaphaneli elangaokokugcina?
Amaphaneli amaningi elanga okuhlala kuwo asebenza isikhathi esingaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 ngaphambi kokuba aqale ukuwohloka kakhulu.Ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engu-25, amaphaneli akho kufanele akhiphe amandla ku-80% wesilinganiso sawo sangempela.Ngakho-ke, ama-solar panel akho azoqhubeka nokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla elanga, azovele angasebenzi kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Kuyinto engaziwa ukuthi iphaneli yelanga iyeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele, kodwa qaphela ukuthi ukuwohloka ngokuvamile kwanele ukucabangela ukushintshwa.Ngaphandle kokuwohloka kokusebenza okusekelwe isikhathi, kunezinye izici ezingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwamapaneli elanga.Iphuzu liwukuthi, uma amaphaneli akho elanga esebenza isikhathi eside ekhiqiza ugesi ngokuphumelelayo, uyonga imali eyengeziwe.
Udoti we-Photovoltaic - ukubuka izinombolo
Ngokuka-Sam Vanderhoof we-Recycle PV Solar, u-10% wamaphaneli elanga asetshenziswa kabusha, kanti u-90% uya endaweni yokulahla.Le nombolo kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ekulinganeni njengoba umkhakha wokugaywa kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga wenza izinguquko ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe.Nazi ezinye izinombolo okufanele uzicabangele:
Amazwe amahlanu aphezulu kulindeleke ukuthi akhiqize amathani acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-78 wemfucuza yephaneli yelanga ngo-2050.
Ukugaywa kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga kubiza phakathi kuka-$15 no-$45
Ukulahlwa kwamaphaneli elanga ezindaweni okulahlwa kuzo izinto ezingenabungozi kubiza cishe i-$1
Izindleko zokulahla imfucuza eyingozi endaweni yokulahla imfucumfucu cishe i-$5
Izinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha kusuka kumaphaneli elanga zingabiza cishe u-$450 wezigidi ngo-2030
Ngo-2050, inani lazo zonke izinto ezigaywe kabusha zingadlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga kuyaqhubeka kukhula, futhi akukude ukuthi wonke amakhaya amasha afakwe ama-solar panel esikhathini esizayo esikude.Ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa isiliva ne-silicon, okuvela kumaphaneli elanga kudinga izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zokugaywa kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga.Ukwehluleka ukuthuthukisa lezi zixazululo, kuhambisana nezinqubomgomo zokweseka ukutholwa kwazo okusabalele, kuyindlela yenhlekelele.
Ingabe amaphaneli elanga angagaywa kabusha?
Amaphaneli elanga ngokuvamile enziwa ngezinto ezigaywa kabusha noma ezisebenzisekayo.Izingxenye ezinjengengilazi nezinsimbi ezithile zakha cishe u-80% wesisindo sephaneli yelanga futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa kabusha.Ngokufanayo, ama-polymers kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi kumaphaneli elanga zingagaywa kabusha.Kodwa iqiniso lokugaywa kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga liyinkimbinkimbi kunokuwahlukanisa nokusebenzisa kabusha izingxenye zawo.Izinqubo zokugaywa kabusha ezisetshenziswayo okwamanje azisebenzi kahle.Lokhu kusho ukuthi izindleko zokugaywa kabusha kwezinto zingase zibe phezulu kunezindleko zokukhiqiza amaphaneli amasha.
Ukukhathazeka ngezingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto zokwakha
Cishe u-95% wamaphaneli elanga athengiswe namuhla enziwe nge-silicon ye-crystalline, kanti amaseli e-photovoltaic enziwe ngama-silicon semiconductors.Zenzelwe ukumelana nezakhi amashumi eminyaka.Amaphaneli elanga enziwe ngamaseli e-photovoltaic axhumene ambozwe ngepulasitiki bese ehlanganiswa phakathi kwengilazi ne-backsheet.Iphaneli evamile iqukethe uhlaka lwensimbi (ngokuvamile i-aluminium) kanye nentambo yethusi yangaphandle.Amaphaneli e-crystalline silicon ngokuyinhloko enziwe ngengilazi, kodwa futhi afaka i-silicon, ithusi, amanani omkhondo wesiliva, ithini, umthofu, ipulasitiki ne-aluminium.Nakuba izinkampani ezigaya kabusha amaphaneli elanga zingahlukanisa ifreyimu ye-aluminium kanye nocingo lwethusi lwangaphandle, amaseli e-photovoltaic ahlanganiswe abe yizingqimba nezingxenye zepulasitiki ye-ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) bese ehlanganiswa engilazini.Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ukuze kubuyiselwe isiliva, i-silicon ephezulu-yokuhlanzeka kanye nethusi kusuka kuma-wafers.
Ungawasebenzisa kanjani kabusha ama-solar panel?
Uma uzibuza ukuthi asebenza kanjani kabusha amaphaneli elanga, ikhona indlela yokuwenza.Ipulasitiki, ingilazi kanye nensimbi - izisekelo zokwakha eziyisisekelo zamaphaneli elanga - zingaphinda zisetshenziswe ngabanye, kodwa ngaphakathi kwephaneli yelanga esebenzayo, lezi zinto ziyahlangana ukuze zenze umkhiqizo owodwa.Ngakho-ke inselele yangempela isekuhlukaniseni izingxenye ukuze zisetshenziswe kabusha ngokuphumelelayo, kuyilapho kubhekwana namaseli e-silicon adinga izinqubo ezikhethekile zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha.Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwephaneli, amabhokisi okuhlanganayo, izintambo namafreyimu kufanele kukhishwe kuqala.Amaphaneli akhiwe nge-silicon ngokuvamile ayasikwa noma agaywe, futhi impahla ihlukaniswa ngomshini kuye ngohlobo lwempahla bese ithunyelwa ezinqubweni ezihlukene zokugaywa kabusha.Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali okubizwa ngokuthi i-delamination kuyadingeka ukuze kukhishwe izendlalelo ze-polymer ku-semiconductor nezinto zengilazi.Izingxenye ezifana nethusi, isiliva, i-aluminium, i-silicon, izintambo ezivalekile, ingilazi ne-silicon zingahlukaniswa ngomshini noma ngamakhemikhali futhi zigaywe kabusha, kodwa ukuvuselela izingxenye zephaneli yelanga ye-CdTe kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezingxenye ezenziwe nge-silicon kuphela.Kuhilela ukuhlukaniswa ngokomzimba namakhemikhali okulandelwa imvula yensimbi.Ezinye izinqubo zifaka ama-polymer ashisayo noma ukudonsa izingxenye.Ubuchwepheshe "bommese oshisayo" buhlukanisa ingilazi kumaseli elanga ngokusika kumaphaneli ngensimbi ende eshisiswe ibe ngu-356 kuya ku-392 degrees Fahrenheit.
Ukubaluleka kwemakethe yephaneli yelanga yesizukulwane sesibili yokunciphisa imfucuza ye-photovoltaic
Amaphaneli elanga avuselelwe kabusha athengiswa ngemali eshibhile kakhulu kunamaphaneli amasha, okuhamba ibanga elide ekwehliseni udoti welanga.Njengoba inani le-semiconductor elidingekayo kumabhethri lilinganiselwe, inzuzo enkulu yizindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza kanye nempahla eluhlaza.“Amaphaneli angaphukile ahlala enomuntu ozimisele ukuwathenga futhi aphinde asetshenziswe endaweni ethile emhlabeni,” kuchaza uJay Granat, ongumnikazi weJay’s Energy Equipment.Amaphaneli elanga esizukulwane sesibili ayimakethe ekhangayo mayelana nokunciphisa imfucuza ye-photovoltaic yamapaneli elanga asebenza kahle njengamapaneli elanga amasha ngentengo evumayo.
Isiphetho
Okubalulekile ukuthi uma kuziwa ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga, akuwona umsebenzi olula futhi kuningi okuyinkimbinkimbi okuhilelekile kule nqubo.Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi singaziba ukugaywa kabusha kwe-PV futhi sizivumele zimoshe ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza.Kufanele sibe nobungane kakhulu bemvelo ngokugaywa kabusha kwamaphaneli elanga ngenxa yezizathu zobugovu, uma kungekho esinye isizathu.Ekuhambeni kwesikhathi, sizoziphilisa ngokuphatha ngobuqotho ukucutshungulwa kwamaphaneli elanga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-07-2024